I-Chloroform ye-industrial grade chloroform enobunyulu obuphezulu
Iipropati
Ulwelo olungenambala noluselubala. Ine-refraction eyomeleleyo. Inevumba elikhethekileyo. Inencasa eswiti. Ayitshi lula. Xa ibonakaliswe kukukhanya kwelanga okanye i-oxidized emoyeni, iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ivelise i-phosgene (i-carbyl chloride). Ngoko ke, i-1% ye-ethanol idla ngokudibaniswa njenge-stabilizer. Iyakwazi ukuxutywa ne-ethanol, i-ether, ibenzene, i-petroleum ether, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-carbon disulfide kunye neoli. I-ImL iyanyibilika malunga ne-200mL yamanzi (25℃). Ngokuqhelekileyo ayisayi kutshisa, kodwa ukutyhileka kwexesha elide kwidangatye elivulekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu busenokuvutha. Kumanzi angaphezulu, ukukhanya, ubushushu obuphezulu kuya kwenzeka ukubola, ukubunjwa kwephosgene enetyhefu kunye ne-corrosive kunye ne-hydrogen chloride. Iziseko ezomeleleyo ezifana ne-lye kunye ne-potassium hydroxide zinokuqhekeza i-chloroform ibe yiklorati kunye neefomathi. Kwisenzo se-alkali enamandla kunye namanzi, inokwenza iziqhushumbisi. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokudibana namanzi, i-corrosion, i-corrosion yentsimbi kunye nezinye iintsimbi, ukubola kweeplastiki kunye nerabha.
Inkqubo
I-industrial trichloromethane ihlanjwe ngamanzi ukususa i-ethanol, i-aldehyde kunye ne-hydrogen chloride, emva koko ihlanjwe nge-asidi yesulfuric egxininisiweyo kunye nesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ngokulandelelana. Amanzi avavanywa ukuba ane-alkaline kwaye ahlanjwe kabini. Emva kokumisa nge-anhydrous calcium chloride, i-distillation, ukufumana i-trichloromethane ecocekileyo.
Ugcino
I-Chloroform yikhemikhali ephilayo edla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-solvent kunye ne-reaction medium. Iyaguquguquka kakhulu, iyatsha kwaye iyaqhushumba. Ngoko ke, qaphela oku kulandelayo xa uyigcina:
1. Indawo yogcino: I-chloroform kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kwaye engenamoya, kude nelanga elithe ngqo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ibe kude nomlilo, ubushushu kunye ne-oxidant, izixhobo ezikhusela ukuqhuma.
2. Ukupakishwa: I-Chloroform kufuneka igcinwe kwisikhongozeli esingangeni moya somgangatho ozinzile, njengeebhotile zeglasi, iibhotile zeplastiki okanye iidramu zentsimbi. Ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kwezikhongozeli kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo. Izikhongozeli zeChloroform kufuneka zibekwe zodwa kwi-nitric acid kunye nezinto zealkaline ukuthintela ukusabela.
3. Ukuthintela ukudideka: i-chloroform ayifanele ixutywe ne-oxidant enamandla, i-asidi eqinile, isiseko esinamandla kunye nezinye izinto ukuphepha ukuphendula okuyingozi. Kwinkqubo yokugcina, ukulayishwa, ukukhulula kunye nokusetyenziswa, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukukhusela ukungqubana, ukungqubuzana kunye nokunyakaza, ukuphepha ukuvuza kunye neengozi.
4. Thintela umbane ongatshintshiyo: Ngexesha lokugcinwa, ukulayisha, ukukhupha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekloroform, thintela umbane ongatshintshiyo. Amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe, njengokubeka phantsi, ukugubungela, izixhobo ze-antistatic, njl.
5. Ukuchongwa kwelebhile: Isingxobo seklorofomu kufuneka siphawulwe ngeeleyibhile ezicacileyo kunye nesazisi, esibonisa umhla wokugcinwa, igama, ugxininiso, ubungakanani kunye nolunye ulwazi, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukulawula kunye nokuchongwa.
Usebenzisa
Ukuzimisela kwe-cobalt, i-manganese, i-iridium, iodine, i-agent ye-phosphorus extraction. Ukuzimisela kwe-phosphorus ye-inorganic, i-glass organic, i-fat, i-rubber resin, i-alkaloid, i-wax, i-phosphorus, i-solvent ye-iodine kwi-serum.
