I-Phenol (C6H5OH) yikristale engenambala efana nenaliti enevumba elikhethekileyo. Isebenza njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ekuveliseni iiresini ezithile, iibhaktheriya, izithinteli zokhuseleko, kunye namayeza (afana ne-aspirin). Ingasetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zotyando, ukunyanga indle, ukubulala iintsholongwane kulusu, ukunciphisa ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokunyanga i-otitis media. I-Phenol inendawo yokunyibilika engama-43°C kwaye inyibilika kancinci emanzini kubushushu begumbi kodwa inyibilika lula kwi-organic solvents. Xa ubushushu budlula ama-65°C, ixutywa namanzi nangayiphi na indlela. I-Phenol iyabola kwaye ibangela ukubola kweproteni yasekuhlaleni xa idibana. Izisombululo ze-phenol ezidibana nolusu zinokuhlanjwa ngotywala. Inxalenye encinci ye-phenol evezwe emoyeni inyibilika ibe yi-quinone, ibe pinki. Ijika ibe mfusa xa ivezwe kwi-ions ze-ferric, into esetyenziswa rhoqo ukuvavanya i-phenol.
Imbali yokuFumanisa
I-Phenol yafunyanwa kwi-coal tar ngo-1834 yingcali yekhemistri yaseJamani uFriedlieb Ferdinand Runge, yiyo loo nto ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-carbolic acid. I-Phenol yaqala ukuqatshelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yogqirha odumileyo waseBritane uJoseph Lister. ULister waphawula ukuba uninzi lokufa emva kotyando kwakubangelwa zizifo zamanxeba kunye nokwakheka kobofu. Ngethamsanqa, wasebenzisa isisombululo se-phenol esinyibilikisiweyo ukutshiza izixhobo zotyando kunye nezandla zakhe, nto leyo eyanciphisa kakhulu izifo zabaguli. Olu phando lwamisela i-phenol njenge-antiseptic enamandla yotyando, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uLister anikwe isihloko esithi "uYise wotyando lwe-Antiseptic."
Iipropati zeKhemikhali
I-Phenol inokufunxa umswakama emoyeni ize inyibilike. Inevumba elikhethekileyo, kwaye izisombululo ezinyibilikisiweyo kakhulu zinencasa emnandi. Inokubola kakhulu kwaye iyasebenza kwiikhemikhali. Isabela kunye nee-aldehydes kunye nee-ketones ukwenza ii-phenolic resins kunye ne-bisphenol A, kunye ne-acetic anhydride okanye i-salicylic acid ukuvelisa i-phenyl acetate kunye nee-salicylate esters. Ingaphinda idlule kwi-halogenation, i-hydrogenation, i-oxidation, i-alkylation, i-carboxylation, i-esterification, kunye nee-etherification reactions.
Kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo, i-phenol iqinile kwaye ayisabelani ngokukhawuleza ne-sodium. Ukuba i-phenol ifudunyezwa ukuze inyibilike ngaphambi kokongeza i-sodium kwisilingo, iyancitshiswa lula, kwaye umbala wayo uyatshintsha xa ifudunyezwa, nto leyo echaphazela isiphumo sovavanyo. Ekufundiseni, indlela eyahlukileyo iye yasetyenziswa ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo zovavanyo ezanelisayo ngokulula nangokufanelekileyo. Kwityhubhu yovavanyo, kongezwa i-2–3 mL ye-ether engenamanzi, ilandelwe sisiqwenga sesinyithi se-sodium esilingana ne-pea. Emva kokususa i-parafini engaphezulu ngephepha lokucoca, i-sodium ifakwa kwi-ether, apho ingasabela khona. Ukongeza inani elincinci le-phenol kunye nokushukumisa ityhubhu kuvumela i-sodium ukuba isabela ngokukhawuleza, ivelise inani elikhulu legesi. Umgaqo ongasemva kolu vavanyo kukuba i-phenol iyanyibilika kwi-ether, iququzelele impendulo yayo ne-sodium.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-20-2026